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General HealthStrong Evidence3rd Party Tested

Vitamin D

Also known as: Vitamin D3, Cholecalciferol, Vitamin D2, Calciferol

The sunshine vitamin essential for immunity, bones, and mood

8/10 Evidence Score

Primary Benefit

Bone Health & Immunity

Standard Dose

1,000–2,000 IU/day

Evidence

Certifications

USP Verified

Overview

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that functions more like a hormone, regulating hundreds of genes in the body. Most people in northern latitudes are deficient, and supplementation has been linked to improved immunity, bone health, mood, and cardiovascular function.

Benefits & Evidence

  • Supports calcium absorption and bone density
  • Modulates immune system function
  • May improve mood and reduce depression risk
  • Associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease
  • Supports muscle function

Clinical Study Summaries

Vitamin D supplementation and cancer mortality

2019

JAMA Network Open

Vitamin D3 supplementation was associated with significantly reduced cancer mortality.

View study

Effect of Vitamin D supplementation on depression

2020

Journal of Affective Disorders

Vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced depression scores in deficient individuals.

Recommended Dosage

Standard Dose1,000–2,000 IU/day
Minimum600 IU/day (RDA)
Maximum4,000 IU/day (safe upper limit)
TimingWith a fat-containing meal for best absorption
Notes: Test serum 25(OH)D levels to determine personal needs. Many experts suggest targeting 40–60 ng/mL. D3 (cholecalciferol) is more effective than D2.

Side Effects & Interactions

Potential Side Effects
  • Toxicity possible at very high doses (>10,000 IU/day long-term)
  • Hypercalcemia at excessive doses
  • Generally very well tolerated at recommended doses
Drug & Nutrient Interactions
  • Thiazide diuretics (increased hypercalcemia risk)
  • Corticosteroids (may reduce Vitamin D effectiveness)
  • Pair with Vitamin K2 for optimal calcium metabolism

Who Should Consider It

Good candidates

  • People with limited sun exposure
  • Individuals living in northern latitudes (above 40°N)
  • Older adults (reduced synthesis with age)
  • People with darker skin tones
  • Those with confirmed deficiency

Use caution or avoid

  • Individuals with hypercalcemia
  • Those with sarcoidosis or certain granulomatous diseases
Medical Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting any supplement, especially if you have health conditions or take medications.

Third-Party Testing

This supplement has products available with independent quality verification.

USP Verified
Evidence Breakdown
Overall Score8/10
Popularity9/10

Evidence Level

Strong

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